Siangliwa, boonrat jongdeeb, grienggrai pantuwanc and theerayut toojinda a arice gene discovery unit, national center for genetic engineering and biotechnology, kasetsart. Foreground and background selection, kunitz trypsin inhibitor, markerassisted backcross breeding, null allele, ssr markers background soybean is an important source of high quality oil and protein for both human and animal. Path analysis for yield traits in f2 generation and. Molecular markers for markerassisted selection are being used for ty1 zamir et al.
Through the backcrossing and gene pyramiding breeding coupled with molecular markerassisted selection, a new ptgms line hua1228s carrying pi2, xa7, and tms5 was developed. These include our 32marker snp panels for routine genetic quality control and custom microsatellite panels for speed congenics, mapping, fine mapping, and substrain or background strain characterization. Efforts to bring markerassisted breeding mab into wide adoption for horticultural crop improvement will benefit from targeted utilization of synteny among related crops and information from model plants to develop markers for use in standard breeding methods, e. Molecular marker a molecular marker is a dna sequence which is readily detected and whose inheritance can easily be monitored. Marker assisted selection for pyramiding multiple genes this tutorial is designed for mabc august 20. Markerassisted backcrossing was employed to introgress resistance to fusarium wilt race 1 and ascochyta blight in chickpea. Furthermore, marker assisted selection mas can be applied for screening of individuals with not only the target gene but also the genomic regions of a recurrent parent in each backcrossing generation, which allows accelerating the development of nils for the trait of interest matthias et al. Through the backcrossing and gene pyramiding breeding coupled with molecular marker assisted selection, a new ptgms line hua1228s carrying pi2, xa7, and tms5 was developed. Regarding this, mabc can contribute to develop resistant or highyielding or quality rice varieties by incorporating a gene of interest into an elite variety which is already well adapted by the farmers. In the present study, markerassisted backcrossing was employed for the introgression of two fad2 mutant alleles from sunoleic95r into the chromosome of icgv06100, a high oil content peanut breeding line.
Nevertheless, like the other plants, the growth of rice was disrupted by insect pests attacking, which will lead to. However, it cannot be fed raw or unprocessed to the monogastric animals. Markerassisted backcrossing of two white mold resistant qtl into susceptible pinto bean phil miklas, usdaars, prosser, wa objectives backcross resistancelinked qtl markers into pinto bean fig. Markerassisted backcrossing qtl for partial resistance to. Efforts to bring marker assisted breeding mab into wide adoption for horticultural crop improvement will benefit from targeted utilization of synteny among related crops and information from model plants to develop markers for use in standard breeding methods, e. Tutorial of the breeding planner bp for marker assisted. The ssr markers were applied in each backcross generation for assisting selection of rice plants having tmsx gene. The rice variety swarnalata, carrying bph resistance gene bph6 and resisting bph biotype 4 bangladesh bph population, also exhibited high level of resistance to bph. Hhb 67improved the first product of markerassisted crop breeding in india development of a more downy mildew resistant hhb 67 testing pearl millet p ennisetum glaucum is grown f or gr ain and stov er in the hottest and driest areas of asia and africa wher e dryland and rainfed crop production occurs. A cross was made between hua1201s and feng39s, and then two successive backcrossings and four generations of selfpollination were performed fig. Markerassisted backcrossing of two white mold resistant. Molecular markers for crown rot resistance are under.
Crop science abstract minimum sample size and optimal. Recently, with the development of nextgeneration sequencing ngs technology, molecular markers are being utilized for selection processes in breeding. Markerassisted gene pyramiding for inbred line development. Markerassisted backcrossing of staygreen qtls into elite sorghum lines. Marker assisted breeding allows assessment of young plants at the seedling stage for multiple traits of interest, greatly reducing costs associated with growing the plants to maturity. Tutorial of the breeding planner bp for marker assisted backcrossing mabc bp system consists of three tools relevant to molecular breeding. Its efficiency depends on the experimental design, most notably on the marker density and position, population size, and selection strategy. Markerassisted backcrossing has been shown to be especially valuable where there are many good varieties that need to be improved for just one simply inherited trait such as certain pest or disease resistances, or a component trait for enhancing adaptation or stress tolerance cregan et. Marker assisted backcrossing mabc is one of the most promising approaches is the use of molecular markers to identify and select genes controlling resistance to those factors.
Potato association of america frederiction august 9, 2009 allen van deynze. For each backcross generation new boars, with a smaller and smaller portion of the wild pig derived segment of chromosome 4 were selected. Steady expression of high oleic acid in peanut bred by marker. Markerassisted backcrossing mabc was used to transfer qtls for yield under drought and staygreen into moussa local, a farmer preferred landrace. This is in sharp contrast to the broad acceptance of plants produced by breeding through marker assisted backcrossing mab. In this study we have traced the inheritance of the wild boar qtl allele through markerassisted backcrossing for an additional six generations in order to narrow down the fat1 interval.
Selection theory for markerassisted backcrossing genetics. Potato association of america frederiction august 9, 2009. Using marker assisted backcrossing we transferred two bacterial blight resistance genes, xa and xa21, and semidwarfinggene, sd1, into two traditional basmati cultivars, basmati 370 and basmati 386. Through conventional and markerassisted breeding incremental gains are being made to develop tolerant varieties more investment into drought and heat tolerance research is needed to sustain these gains need for effective seed systems to get improved varieties into farmers fields. Markerassisted backcrossing qtl for partial resistance to sclerotinia white mold in dry bean phillip n. In the present study, foreground and background markers were identified, f1 plants of the cross, ntj 2 x j 2779p 4 were confirmed for hybridity using markers, and. Article full text enhanced pdf format, 83647 bytes.
To implement a highthroughput system using molecular. Focusing on transcriptome variation and perturbation to signaling pathways, we. Dec 12, 2019 in the present study, marker assisted backcrossing was employed for the introgression of two fad2 mutant alleles from sunoleic95r into the chromosome of icgv06100, a high oil content peanut breeding line. Application of marker assisted backcrossing to introgress. Increasing yield has become the most core goal of rice production. Marker assisted backcrossing of two white mold resistant qtl into susceptible pinto bean phil miklas, usdaars, prosser, wa objectives backcross resistancelinked qtl markers into pinto bean fig. Accelerated molecular breeding of a novel ptgms line. Marker assisted selection mas refers to indirect selection for a desired plant phenotype based on the banding pattern of linked molecular dna markers. Marker assisted selection of rpp5 gene for rust soybean phakopsora pachyrhizi resistance in hl203, an elite soybean genotype truong quoc anh, ly hau giang, nguyen van chuong, nguyen thi lang, bui chi buu introduction soybean rust sbr caused by phakopsora pachyrhizi syd.
Genetic background screening to accelerate backcross. Chapter 7 markerassisted selection in common beans and cassava 85 intermediate level of resistance, while other minor genes must be recovered through conventional phenotypic selection to assure higher resistance. Pathway approach for candidate gene identification and introduction to metabolic pathway databases. Mas is based on the concept that it is possible to infer the presence of a gene from the presence of a marker which is tightly linked to the gene of interest. Pdf a markerassisted backcross approach for developing. Markerassisted foreground and background selection of near.
Summary marker assisted accelerated backcrossing has proven valuable in expediting the process of creating congenic strains. Using markerassisted backcrossing we transferred two bacterial blight resistance genes, xa and xa21, and semidwarfinggene, sd1, into two traditional basmati cultivars, basmati 370 and basmati 386. Backcrossing will be complete for most parents within 23 generations at the bc 5 generation. A markerassisted backcross approach for developing submergencetolerant rice cultivars article pdf available in theoretical and applied genetics 1156.
Markers were also used for selecting aroma and amylose content of basmati cultivars. Improvement of rice crop by markerassisted backcross method. This can be achieved through introgression of a qtl on sbi 05 governing leaf glossiness from the donor, j 2779p4, obtained from icrisat using marker assisted backcrossing mabc. The objectives of this study were to determine in marker assisted backcrossing mab i the optimum distances d 1, d 2 between the flanking markers and the target locus and ii the minimum number of individuals n required for obtaining with a certain probability a given number of individuals that carry the donor allele at the target locus. Mas forward selection, background selection, combining traits, relative efficiency of selection. Introduction marker assisted backcrossing mab is used to transfer genes conferring favorable agronomic traits into the genetic background of a recipient parent hospital 2005. Markerassisted backcrossing is routinely applied for gene introgression in plant and animal breeding. Markerassisted backcrossing of two white mold resistant qtl. Important features of the study included i markerassisted backcrossing to generate genetically similar inbred variants for each gm line, ii highresolution genotyping to evaluate the genetic similarity of gm lines to the corresponding recurrent parents and iii.
Marker assisted backcrossing scheme used to introgress fw resistance from wr 315 into c 214 is given in fig. Comparison of the observed with the simulated distributions. Ha thi thu pham, khang tan do, minh ngoc truong, xuan dang tran, lang thi nguyen and buu chi bui. Steady expression of high oleic acid in peanut bred by. Application of marker assisted backcrossing to introgress the submergence tolerance qtl. Marker assisted backcrossing mabc was used to transfer qtls for yield under drought and staygreen into moussa local, a farmer preferred landrace. Tutorial of the breeding planner bp for marker assisted recurrent selection mars bp system consists of three tools relevant to molecular breeding. Feng39s was used as a recurrent parent rp in the study for improving its blast resistance by stacking the blast r gene pi2 from hua1201s through markerassisted backcrossing. The objectives of this study were to determine in markerassisted backcrossing mab i the optimum distances d 1, d 2 between the flanking markers and the target locus and ii the minimum number of individuals n required for obtaining with a certain probability a given number of individuals that carry the donor allele at the target locus. Markerassisted backcrossing scheme used to introgress fw resistance from wr 315 into c 214 is given in fig. The importance of seed technologies and systems for climate smart agriculture. Improving rice blast resistance of feng39s through. Based on 200,000 snp markers by nextgeneration sequencing, hua1228s covered 87. Markerassisted foreground selection markerassisted foreground selection was proposed by tanksley 1983.
Marker assisted selection for pyramiding multiple genes this tutorial is designed for mars. The importance of seed technologies and systems for. Mabc has three main advantages over conven tional backcrossing. Introgression of null allele of kunitz trypsin inhibitor. Important features of the study included i marker assisted backcrossing to generate genetically similar inbred variants for each gm line, ii highresolution genotyping to evaluate the genetic similarity of gm lines to the corresponding recurrent parents and iii. The importance of seed technologies and systems for climate. Focusing on transcriptome variation and perturbation to signaling pathways, we assessed the molecular and biological. Feb 26, 2015 marker assisted backcrossing mabc is one of the most promising approaches is the use of molecular markers to identify and select genes controlling resistance to those factors. Development of snp markers for markerassisted breeding in. To assess the relative resistance levels associated with mutations, we used a marker assisted backcrossing approach to produce nearisogenic sister lines fig. Furthermore, markerassisted selection mas can be applied for screening of individuals with not only the target gene but also the genomic regions of a recurrent parent in each backcrossing generation, which allows accelerating the development of nils for the trait of interest matthias et al. Markerassisted foreground and background selection of. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding and in production of gene knockout organisms backcrossed hybrids are sometimes described with acronym bc, for example, an f1 hybrid. Marker assisted selection in tomato pathway approach for.
Chapter 7 markerassisted selection in common beans and. Marker assisted pyramiding of bph6 and bph9 into elite. Marker assisted backcrossing qtl for partial resistance to sclerotinia white mold in dry bean phillip n. Similarly in maize, using markerassisted backcrossing a major qtl for oil content was transferred to an elite hybrid 40. Besidesbeingproteinrich source for human diet, it also improves soil health.
Scaling up of mas required the development of simple operational procedures in both the field tagging, tissue collection and. This line has tmsx gene which is located on rice chromosome 2. Markerassisted development of bacterial blight resistant. Identification of polymorphisms in databased sequences. In the marker assisted backcrossing introgression lines, a 97% increase in oleic acid, and a 92% reduction in linoleic acid content was. Markerassisted backcrossing varieties with sub1 qtl released in 2009 swarnasub1. Lande and thompson 1990 then pioneered the theoretical studies of mas for quantitative traits, which triggered the publication of a series of simulation studies through the 1990s e. Markerassisted backcrossing for striga resistance in cowpea.
The potential impact of genetically modified gm plants on human health has attracted much attention worldwide, and the issue remains controversial. Main function of mabc is to reduce the chromosome size of a donor parent. Doctoral dissertation application of marker assisted. Common applications are the introgression of resistance genes or transgenes in maize, rice, and other crops. Maize breeding and genetics collaboration between usdaars.
Bw648 crossing, anthocyanin pigmentation of leaf sheath was evaluated for selection of dominant ant1. Summary markerassisted accelerated backcrossing has proven valuable in expediting the process of creating congenic strains. The pen writes on your document like a typical felttip pen. Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. The scheme of the markerassisted backcrossing approach used is illustrated in fig. Miklas abstract white mold caused by sclerotinia sclerotiorum lib.
Two backcrosses assisted by snp markers in foreground and background selections were sufficient to select for qtls presence and to recover the background of moussa local, the recurrent parent. Traditional breeding methods usually involve field tests carried out by experienced breeders. Breeding for drought tolerance in cowpea vigna unguiculata. The marker works like a typical highlighter it does not obscure. To use the marker, select tool marker from the menu. Abstract mabc marker assisted backcross method approach plays vital role for basic research applications in rice to develop new and advance varieties with much greater precision than conventional backcrossing. Through conventional and markerassisted breeding incremental gains are being made to. Marker assisted foreground selection marker assisted foreground selection was proposed by tanksley 1983.
Chapter 7 markerassisted selection in common beans and cassava. Pericarp pigmentation of each of the f 2 progeny was scored at full maturity of grain. These include our 32 marker snp panels for routine genetic quality control and custom microsatellite panels for speed congenics, mapping, fine mapping, and substrain or background strain characterization. Introduction markerassisted backcrossing mab is used to transfer genes conferring favorable agronomic traits into the genetic background of a recipient parent hospital 2005. Molecular markers for marker assisted selection are being used for ty1 zamir et al. To implement a highthroughput system using molecular markers in chinese cabbage brassica rapa. Genetic resistance provides some control but is diffi cult to breed for because of low. C 214 recurrent parent was used as female and crossed with wr 315 donor parent as male to generate 20 f 1 seeds. In the markerassisted backcrossingintrogression lines, a 97% increase in oleic acid, and a 92% reduction in linoleic acid content was. Genetic background screening to accelerate backcross breeding. Markerassisted backcrossing introduction chickpea cicer arietinum l. The presence of a target allele in an individual is diagnosed by monitoring the genotype at markers linked to the gene for alleles of the donor parent.
Do transgenesis and markerassisted backcross breeding. One tgms line, ant 25244, was used as donor parent. Marker assisted backcrossing background selection l4 80% of melakh used for bc2. Usdaars and nc state university have maintained collaborative research on maize breeding and genetics since 1960. Abstract mabc markerassisted backcross method approach plays vital role for basic research applications in rice to develop new and advance varieties with much greater precision than conventional backcrossing. However, such methods are costly and timeconsuming. The pen and marker allow you to create handwritten annotations and drawings or markups. Marker assisted selection of rpp5 gene for rust soybean. This marker was also present in each of 18 heterozygous fertile melon maintainers carrying the ms3 gene.
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